A polar vortex refers to a large, rotating mass of cold air that typically forms near the Arctic. It generally remains over the North Pole, but sometimes it can shift southward, bring extremely cold temperatures to regions far from the Arctic, including parts of North American and Europe. When the polar vortex weakens or splits, it can send frigid air down to lower latitudes, causing significant cold weather events.
To stay safe during extreme cold weather associated with a polar vortex, here are some key tips:
- Dress Appropriately
- Layer Up: Wear several layers of clothing to trap body heat. Start with moisture-wicking base layers, followed by insulating layers (like fleece or down), and finish with a waterproof, windproof outer layer.
- Cover Extremities: Wear a warm hat, gloves, scarf, and insulated boots. Cover your face, especially your nose and ears, which are most vulnerable to frostbite.
- Avoid Tight Clothing: Tight clothes can restrict blood circulation, which makes it harder to stay warm. Wear looser layers to allow for circulation.
- Limit Time Outdoors
- Stay Indoors: In possible, limit outdoor exposure. If you must go outside, take frequent breaks inside to warm up.
- Know the Wind Chill: Wind chill can make the air feel much colder than the actual temperature. When wind chill drops below -20 degrees Fahrenheit (-29 degrees Celsius), frostbite can develop in less than 30 minutes.
- Prepare Your Home
- Insulate Pipes: Prevent pipes from insulating them, especially those in unheated areas like basements or attics.
- Seal Drafts: Ensure your home is properly insulated and that windows and doors and sealed to prevent cold air from entering.
- Stock Up: Have emergency supplies, including blankets, a battery-powered radio, food, and water, in case power outages occur.
- Be Cautious on the Road
- Winterize Your Car: Make sure your car is equipped for winter conditions—check tire tread, fluid levels, and ensure your car has an emergency kit with blankets, food, and a flashlight.
- Drive Carefully: Avoid driving in extreme cold unless absolutely necessary. Roads can be icy, making driving hazardous.
- Know the Signs of Frostbite and Hypothermia
- Frostbite: Early symptoms include numbness, pale or waxy skin, and a tingling sensation. In severe cases, skin can become hard and purple.
- Hypothermia: Symptoms include shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and drowsiness. If someone shows signs of hypothermia, get them to a warm place immediately and seek medical attention.
- Monitor Weather Alerts
- Stay Informed: Pay attention to weather warnings and advisories for your area. Emergency management agencies will issue warnings about extreme cold or dangerous wind chill factors.
By following these precautions, you can stay safe and minimize the risks associated with extreme cold weather brought on by a polar vortex.